Network+ N10-008 – 5.0 Network Troubleshooting and Tools

Explanation: As stated in the passage, a technician often connects an OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) or a light meter to one end of the connection when using a fiber-optic loopback tool. This allows for comprehensive testing of the whole fiber-optic path.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 559 in PDF)

Explanation: Reproducing the problem in a test environment is beneficial because it allows for possible solutions to be tested without causing disruptions or potential harm to the main network or the users on it.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 537 in PDF)

Explanation: The host’s IP address is incorrectly configured; it is within the 172.17.0.0/12 network, but the gateway is configured in the 172.16.0.0/12 network. Changing the IP address to one in the 172.16.0.0/12 network, such as 172.16.2.1, would allow the host to communicate with other hosts and the default gateway.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 633 in PDF)

Explanation: Once a theory has been confirmed, it is crucial to determine the next steps to resolving the identified problem. This often involves further testing and possibly additional theories, but the main goal is to start working on the resolution.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 541 in PDF)

Explanation: The passage states that IP setting issues are generally related to static configurations but can also occur with DHCP. Therefore, they can occur in either type of configuration.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 630 in PDF)

Explanation: The passage does not mention the cost of acquisition as a challenge faced in a BYOD strategy. It discusses the challenges of device diversity, network coverage, and security.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 648 in PDF)

Explanation: The passage mentions that network professionals commonly use Cable Crimpers for repairing cable ends, as well as testing equipment to verify operations.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 554 in PDF)

Explanation: When a bad port is identified, the recommended course of action is to replace the affected equipment and, while waiting for the new equipment, shift the host to a known good working port. Ignoring the issue or attempting to repair the port yourself could lead to further problems or downtime.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 550 in PDF)

Explanation: The link status LED, typically green, indicates that the host device is connected to the network. The activity LED, typically yellow, blinks upon activity, indicating communication on the network.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 550 in PDF)

Explanation: The ’netstat -a’ command returns all of the connections as well as any ports that are listening, making option C the correct answer. It assists in verifying that an application has requested a port from the operating system to listen for requests on.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 592 in PDF)

Explanation: TFTP operates on UDP port 69. This allows it to transfer files quickly and efficiently, without the need for any form of authentication.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 582 in PDF)

Explanation: Incorrect NTP settings that result in incorrect time values can lead to certificate invalidation as certificates have a valid from and to date. Aside from that, many protocols including Kerberos are also time-dependent and will fail to work properly if the time is off by even 5 minutes. An example of this is an inability to authenticate a user account on a domain.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 645 in PDF)

Explanation: Connecting to the wrong SSID results in the user being connected to a completely different network, possibly causing a disconnect from the desired network services or exposing the user to unauthenticated networks.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 614 in PDF)

Explanation: The configuration of both the device in question and the devices along the path of the problem should be reviewed whenever there’s a network issue. Even if these are not directly considered to be the cause of the problem, they could potentially be causing the issue indirectly. For instance, if an application is having issues communicating, you should at least review the firewall rules for proper configuration.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 618 in PDF)

Explanation: A fusion splicer is a device used in networking to fuse two sections of a fiber-optic strand together to create a fiber-optic splice.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 570 in PDF)

Explanation: The correct order of steps for locating a duplicate IP address on a network involves first sending an ARP request for the configured IP address. You then locate the host by configuring a temporary static IP address that is within the intended network range and is unique. By pinging the original IP address, the MAC address can be obtained via the ARP process. Finally, the port associated with the MAC address on the switching equipment needs to be located.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 623 in PDF)

Explanation: If an access point does not respond in a timely manner during the authentication and association phase of the connection, the client can time out and higher-level protocols like DHCP may fail as well.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 609 in PDF)

Explanation: A spectrum analyzer helps identify interference sources by displaying the spectrum of frequency it is observing, as it allows checking both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands for these interfering signals.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 611 in PDF)

Explanation: The text doesn’t mention third-party application compatibility as a challenge in implementing a BYOD strategy. The primary challenges outlined include the diversity of devices, outdated or unsupported operating systems, and security concerns such as data leakage and data portability.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 648 in PDF)

Explanation: When terminating an RJ-45 using a cable crimper, wires are arranged as follows – white/orange and orange, white/green, blue, white/blue, green, white/brown and brown. This is as per the EIA/TIA 568B wiring specification.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 554 in PDF)

Explanation: If a host is set to the wrong gateway or to a gateway that does not exist, communications to remote networks or the Internet will fail, as the gateway is the conduit that allows the host to connect with these other entities.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 630 in PDF)

Explanation: The passage mentions two primary purposes for pitching the problem and theory to others. First, it allows you to articulate the problem to your peers, which encourages more diverse question-asking. Secondly, it exposes the problem to alternate theories from other team members, which should be considered and discussed.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 539 in PDF)

Explanation: If the power requirements of a device exceed what the switch can supply, the switch won’t be able to support the device. In this case, a PoE+ device requires more power than a switch that only supports normal PoE (802.3af) can supply, and thus the switch would need to be upgraded.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 547 in PDF)

Explanation: The primary function of a loopback adapter is to redirect transmissions enabling the testing of the media or connection in network. This helps in debugging and identifying connection or configuration issues.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 559 in PDF)

Explanation: When one side of an Ethernet connection is set to full-duplex and the other to half-duplex, there is a high probability of experiencing a high error rate on the full-duplex side and a high collision rate on the half-duplex side. This is due to the conflicting duplex settings on each side of the connection, resulting in severely degraded performance. The connection will still function, but performance will be compromised.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 552 in PDF)

Explanation: The text mentions two major problems that plague certificates. One is related to the correct time and date settings on the host and the other is trust-based. That is, does the host trust the certificate, particularly if it’s issued by an untrusted SSL vendor?

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 636 in PDF)

Explanation: The loss budget calculation involves the estimated loss of the cable, connectors, and splices, and also takes into account how clean the optics are. It doesn’t just involve the output power of the transmitter, the minimal input power at the receiver or solely the wavelength. It’s a more complex process that takes a variety of elements into account to provide an accurate measure.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 635 in PDF)

Explanation: Polarization refers to the way radio signals consist of a magnetic field and an electromagnetic field. The fields are always perpendicular to each other and make up the polarization of the signal. Signals are either vertically or horizontally polarized.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 608 in PDF)

Explanation: Although device diversity and network coverage can present challenges with a BYOD strategy, the text indicates that security is the most significant challenge because the organization has less control over BYOD devices than over devices it issues and owns. These security challenges include risks of data leakage and data portability.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 648 in PDF)

Explanation: Blocked outbound ports or IP addresses can be diagnosed by using a port scanner like Nmap. It can check the destination host ports and allow to see the blocked and permitted ports for a particular IP address.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 639 in PDF)

Explanation: In a rollover cable, the connection configuration is reversed; pin 1 is connected with wire 8 on the other side. Each pin is paired with the corresponding numbered wire but in opposite order. Meanwhile, an Ethernet cable would connect pins to the same numbered wire on both ends.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 545 in PDF)

Explanation: A critical care service contract is designed for a 4-hour turnaround on parts during a hardware failure. This quick response time ensures minimal interruption to network services, and is usually reserved for critical components due to the high price.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 639 in PDF)

Explanation: If a test does not confirm the primary theory of probable cause, you should establish a new theory. This process, known as the process of elimination, allows you to use the results of prior tests to exclude certain elements from being the root cause of the problem. For example, if a test shows that the MTA (Message Transfer Agent) is working properly, then it can be dismissed as the cause of the problem. After some point though, if you can’t make headway with your troubleshooting, you’ll need to escalate the issue to a higher level of expertise.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 541 in PDF)

Explanation: Client signal strength and access point over utilization are listed in the text as the two most common reasons for a client disassociation. This means the client will suddenly disassociate from the access point, losing network connectivity and needing to authenticate and associate once again. An access point over utilization can potentially disrupt the timely sending of 802.11 maintenance frames and trigger a disassociation.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 616 in PDF)

Explanation: The tracert command is used primarily for tracing the path that packets take from the source to the destination on a network. This can be helpful in determining where a network problem exists when trouble-shooting.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 591 in PDF)

Explanation: In the provided text, it’s stated that identifying symptoms of a problem, such as email slowdown or unresponsiveness of cloud applications, can assist in determining whether the issue is within or outside your network. If only Internet-connected systems are affected, this suggests that the problem may be external.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 538 in PDF)

Explanation: The passage mentions that the ’dig’ command by default queries A records for a given host and has debugging turned on by default. This implies, by default, it provides queries for A records, and debugging information is returned in the output.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 590 in PDF)

Explanation: A network performance baseline is established to identify a normal pattern of network traffic and performance. This allows for a better understanding of what is normal and what is abnormal, and helps in determining when and where a performance problem occurs.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 649 in PDF)

Explanation: As per the passage, cable testers test each wire within a freshly crimped or suspected bad patch cable for faults or mis-wiring, checking for correct continuity and connectivity. Each good pair is indicated by a green light and a problem is depicted by a red light.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 565 in PDF)

Explanation: The change management documents and the change log contain detailed information about every change that has been made to the network including what has been changed, when it has been changed, who has made the change, and why the change has been made. By referring to these documents, a network administrator can identify any changes that might have caused the problem.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 538 in PDF)

Explanation: When an interface negotiates at half-duplex, the total throughput can be severely impacted by as much as 60 percent. That means a 100 Mbps connection might only perform at 40 Mbps.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 618 in PDF)

Explanation: Approaching each problem individually avoids casting a premature judgment that may not be related to the underlying issue. This prevents wasting time on irrelevant issues and aids in a more focused and effective investigation.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 539 in PDF)

Explanation: The text specifically mentions that a loopback adapter is used to verify the wiring in serial WAN environments such as T1 connections. This is particularly important to ensure the CPE (customer premises equipment) wiring scenario and the redirecting process of receive wires and transmit wires.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 559 in PDF)

Explanation: The nslookup command stands for name-server lookup and is used to resolve DNS resource records. Users can directly query a specific DNS server through the command.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 589 in PDF)

Explanation: In high-EMI environments, it is best to run shielded twisted-pair (STP) wiring to prevent EMI.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 548 in PDF)

Explanation: Common sources of 2.4 GHz interference are Bluetooth, non-Wi-Fi cameras, cordless phones, and microwave ovens. These devices operate closely on the 2.4 GHz frequency.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 612 in PDF)

Explanation: The correct answer is ’Antennas types are either omnidirectional or directional, regardless of the style’. Although there could be many different styles of antennas such as Yagi, patch, dipole, etc, they will fall into either of the two types: omnidirectional or directional.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 607 in PDF)

Explanation: The text mentions two types of wire cutting tools: cable loppers and really sharp scissors (also known as snips). These tools are indispensable for cutting network cables and strength members inside riser cables.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 571 in PDF)

Explanation: Using non-overlapping channels, like channels 1, 6, and 11 in the 2.4 GHz band, ensures that clients on adjacent channels will not consume the bandwidth of the primary channels they are connected on, thereby maintaining and increasing the effective bandwidth.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 612 in PDF)

Explanation: Once a network performance baseline is established, if a problem arises, you’ll be able to compare the current performance to the established performance. This allows you to identify any abnormalities against the baseline.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 619 in PDF)

Explanation: According to the text, decibel loss in a cable is caused by the distance of its installation or excessive splitting. Although other factors may impact cable performance, these are not listed in the text as causes of decibel loss.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 549 in PDF)

Explanation: If a network mask is configured incorrectly, it can lead to the host incorrectly identifying whether a packet needs to be routed or switched locally. This can result in the packet never leaving the immediate network or causing unnecessary traffic through a router. Both scenarios can lead to connectivity or performance problems.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 631 in PDF)

Explanation: The iPerf tool is specifically designed to measure the performance of a network path by sending traffic across it. It does this by requiring a client and server where the server waits for an incoming connection from the client and reports back the speed of the incoming packets.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 580 in PDF)

Explanation: Divide and conquer is a troubleshooting technique that involves breaking a complex problem down into simpler subprocesses. This technique enables the examination of individual subprocesses to isolate the cause of the problem, such as issues with form submission or server processing of data.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 540 in PDF)

Explanation: The text states that the IP scanner software tool is used fundamentally for finding free IP addresses in a specific IP address range and locating a host within that range. It works by scanning the IP address space, and reporting back if an IP address responds to an ICMP ping request.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 584 in PDF)

Explanation: The part of the text that provides the correct answer is: ’A Wi-Fi analyzer will provide power measurements of service set identifiers (SSIDs) and the encryption being used on each SSID’. This text clearly states that a Wi-Fi analyzer is used to identify SSIDs and the encryption being used on each one.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 576 in PDF)

Explanation: The ’tcpdump’ command allows the user to dump network data to a file or the console of the host. This can be useful for observing the packets entering or leaving a host.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 596 in PDF)

Explanation: The text explains that the most important factor in variance in wireless throughput is that wireless is shared media. When a host transmits and receives a signal on a radio frequency (also known as the channel), the host must share the channel with all other hosts connected to the same SSID. The more hosts, the more the throughput is divided.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 604 in PDF)

Explanation: Software tools are primarily used to troubleshoot and detect network problems, helping to understand the root cause of problems. This is their main function.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 576 in PDF)

Explanation: A Protocol Analyzer deciphers the data packets captured by a packet sniffer. It comes preloaded with parsers that define the protocols being used from layer 2 through layer 7, thereby deciphering and displaying the data in a readable format.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 578 in PDF)

Explanation: A broadcast storm is caused by network loops and results in an overload of broadcasts that consume CPU time. This can lead to MAC table thrashing, making it difficult, if not impossible, to diagnose the problem. Hence, loop prevention techniques like STP should be employed.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 621 in PDF)

Explanation: A network tap, either active or passive, allows a technician to tap into a network connection and listen to, or monitor, the traffic between two endpoints. This is useful for capturing network traffic for analysis.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 570 in PDF)

Explanation: STP possesses shielding against Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), which can be prevalent in industrial settings. This makes it a better cabling choice in these conditions even though it may be more costly and difficult to install.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 544 in PDF)

Explanation: The explanation given in the study material indicates that if power levels are too high on an adjacent AP, the client might connect to the wrong AP for its vicinity. This can result in latency for the client and potential disconnects.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 615 in PDF)

Explanation: A port scanner indicates which ports are accessible and which are blocked, thereby helping you diagnose incorrect host-based firewall settings.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 639 in PDF)

Explanation: An optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) is mainly used to find breaks in fiber-optic cable, diagnose problems, analyze expected loss, and certify a fiber-optic installation. It does this by pulsing light in a fiber-optic cable and measuring the reflective return of light.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 560 in PDF)

Explanation: According to the text, one of the most essential factors influencing wireless throughput is that wireless is shared media. Each host on a radio frequency must split the channel with all other hosts connected to the same SSID. So, the total throughput is divided by the number of hosts.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 604 in PDF)

Explanation: The received signal strength indication (RSSI) represents the signal strength of the wireless signal, measured on a scale of 0 to 127 or 0 to 100. It does not directly correspond to the number of bars displayed on your device, but more bars typically signify a stronger signal.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 606 in PDF)

Explanation: Using the wrong cable in a network setup can result in communication not happening at the required speeds, or in extreme cases, communication may not happen at all.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 548 in PDF)

Explanation: Collisions occur when both nodes try to transmit data at the same time on the same pair of wires, similar to two cars trying to go down a one-lane road from opposite directions at the same time.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 619 in PDF)

Explanation: The ’ip’ utility is replacing the ’ifconfig’ utility in certain distributions of Linux, like Red Hat Enterprise Linux. It offers similar functionalities to ’ifconfig’, including configuring and displaying IP addresses.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 589 in PDF)

Explanation: A cable tester is typically used to verify if a cabling, such as network cables, serial cables and other low-voltage cables, has been correctly crimped by checking the continuity between the pins at each end.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 549 in PDF)

Explanation: When establishing a theory of probable cause, it is suggested to question everything related to the problem. The most obvious causes can sometimes be overlooked or misunderstood, so it is important to challenge common assumptions in the process of troubleshooting.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 539 in PDF)

Explanation: When a DHCP scope is exhausted, clients will not receive an IP address from the DHCP server, instead they will autoconfigure a link-local address of 169.254.x.x. This is also known as Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA).

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 629 in PDF)

Explanation: When a large number of devices are required and a nominal throughput needs to be achieved, the cell density must be increased. This is achieved by installing several access points in a very close proximity together and allow radio resource management (RRM) at the wireless LAN controller to vary their channels.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 604 in PDF)

Explanation: The text mentions that not only the configuration of the device in question should be reviewed, but also the configuration of other devices along the path of the problem.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 618 in PDF)

Explanation: The Serial loopback adapter is used to verify the connectivity of a serial adapter. It is wired in such a way that the transmit wire is redirected to the receive wire and vice versa. This enables you to test the connection and ensure that you have configured the correct COM port.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 559 in PDF)

Explanation: The section refers to licensed features on routers and switches that might work on a trial basis. If the trial period, which might extend up to six months, elapses without renewal, the device may stop functioning. This situation can cause significant disruption.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 649 in PDF)

Explanation: The text mentions that the most common challenges when implementing a BYOD strategy are related to the diversity of devices to be supported, network coverage, and, most importantly, security.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 647 in PDF)

Explanation: When duplicate MAC addresses occur on a network, they can cause seemingly sporadic and random network communication problems, which would understandably be difficult to diagnose if you didn’t know to check for duplicate MAC addresses.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 623 in PDF)

Explanation: The distance limit of a cabling specification is determined by the time a packet takes to traverse the connection before it is flushed from buffers. This limit aims to minimize latency and packet loss that could occur if the restriction were exceeded.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 543 in PDF)

Explanation: By choosing the right cabling standard, not only can the current installation needs be satisfied, but it also allows for possible network improvements in the future. This is significant because the speed, throughput and distance are met by each standard of cabling that ensures best network performance and lesser likelihood of upgrade requirements.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 543 in PDF)

Explanation: The ping command is primarily used to verify that a specific server is reachable. It does this by using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) at layer 3.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 585 in PDF)

Explanation: A rollover cable is used with EIA/TIA adapters that convert a DB-9 serial port to an RJ-45 end. The opposite end of the rollover cable will plug directly into the router or switch for console access.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 546 in PDF)

Explanation: The correct procedure for troubleshooting a security type mismatch is to first verify the wireless security protocol, then clear the failed connection, and finally manually set up the new SSID connection with the appropriate security protocol.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 614 in PDF)

Explanation: A light meter or optical power meter (OPM) is used to measure the strength of the light from a reference light source that is paired with the light meter. It also reports the amount of light loss for a fiber-optic cable.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 574 in PDF)

Explanation: The nmap tool allows us to scan open and closed ports on remote systems for audit purposes, validate that the firewall is open to accept requests for an application, scan all ports of a specific host or a range of hosts in the network, and negotiate with Transport Layer Security (TLS) to discover the encryption key strength being used.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 597 in PDF)

Explanation: In planning a networking installation, the speed of the connection is important because it can impact latency and bandwidth utilization. The throughput of a connection can cause latency problems if the speed is too low. Additionally, if the throughput exceeds the actual speed, adjustments to the speed will need to be made during planning.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 543 in PDF)

Explanation: After implementing a solution, the text emphasizes that system functionality should be checked to make sure all systems are working properly, including those surrounding the one that was changed.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 542 in PDF)

Explanation: The EIRP is the actual power radiated from a given antenna; it is influenced by the antenna’s gain and its nominal power.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 606 in PDF)

Explanation: The ’ping’ command uses the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) at layer 3 to verify that a server is reachable. It is also useful for displaying the round-trip response time to a specific IP address.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 585 in PDF)

Explanation: Attenuation in this context refers to the energy loss of an RF signal as it travels through a coaxial cable. This energy dissipation can affect the strength of the signal resulting in connectivity and speed issues.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 548 in PDF)

Explanation: The text explains that the ’route’ command is like a Swiss Army knife for viewing and changing the routing table on a host. This includes checking the localhost’s routing table if there is a suspected routing issue. In Windows, the command to view the routing table is ’route print’, while in Linux or Unix, the command is ’route -n’. The command can also be used to add, change, and delete routes.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 595 in PDF)

Explanation: Jumping to a conclusion while gathering information about a network problem may lead you to overlook crucial details, distracting from the actual problem, and not effectively identify the root cause of the problem. One should reserve judgment until all the facts are gathered.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 537 in PDF)

Explanation: In a routing table, the identifier ’S*’ at the beginning of a route statement indicates the default gateway for any traffic that does not specifically match other route statements. This route displays the IP address where any unmatched traffic will be sent.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 601 in PDF)

Explanation: The hostname utility shows the hostname of the operating system you are on, helping you to quickly identify which system you are currently accessing.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 594 in PDF)

Explanation: When a host is configured on an incorrect VLAN, it may lose its ability to communicate with other hosts or the internet. This is because VLANs determine which hosts are able to exchange data with each other.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 640 in PDF)

Explanation: The telnet command is used to establish a connection to a terminal on a remote system, allowing you to input commands as if you were physically present at the terminal.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 596 in PDF)

Explanation: Throughput refers to the measured bandwidth utilized by the traffic over the connection. Essentially, it is the actual rate at which data is successfully transferred through a connection, often less than the maximum possible (the speed or bandwidth).

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 543 in PDF)

Explanation: Establishing a theory of probable cause is meant to help identify potential causes for a network issue, using existing evidence and network theory. This theory can change as new evidence is discovered.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 539 in PDF)

Explanation: By learning basic commands of one widely used network operating system like Cisco IOS, a network technician can adapt and transfer those skills to other vendor’s network operating systems, as many of these systems have similar or verbatim commands.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 598 in PDF)

Explanation: A punch-down tool is primarily used to punch down wires to patch panels. This process essentially secures the wires in place on the patch panel and trims the excess wire.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 556 in PDF)

Explanation: Incorrect DNS settings, especially when a client is pointed to a public DNS server, can prevent the client from joining a Windows domain. DNS settings must be correctly configured to ensure seamless name resolution and proper network functionality.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 633 in PDF)

Explanation: The tracert command on the Windows operating system or the traceroute command on the Linux/Unix operating system provides the path that a packet takes to reach a network destination. If the packets bounce back and forth between the same IP addresses, this indicates a routing loop in the network. This method is used to diagnose if a routing loop is the reason for network connectivity issues.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 627 in PDF)

Explanation: The ’ipconfig /flushdns’ command helps in removing all the information that is stored in the local DNS cache. It is helpful when the IP address for a record is changed and the new configuration needs to take effect immediately on the local machine.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 586 in PDF)

Explanation: A network performance baseline is used as a metric for improvement when troubleshooting network-related issues. If the current performance is poor, you can compare it to the baseline to understand the extent of the problem and measure the effectiveness of the solution.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 619 in PDF)

Explanation: The Tone Generator is used in conjunction with a probe to trace network cables. It works by injecting a weak electrical tone into the network cable. The probe then amplifies this electrical tone into an audible tone, which is used to identify the cable.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 556 in PDF)

Explanation: The site survey is performed both before and after installation to validate that all installation considerations have been addressed. It is then used to create a baseline of operation for the wireless network, which can be useful for future diagnostics and adjustments.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 610 in PDF)

Explanation: Properly documenting problems, actions taken, and results can save time and resources in the future if the same or similar problem arises. Other technicians can reference the documentation instead of starting from zero.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 542 in PDF)

Explanation: According to the text, a preventive measure to ensure data safety in the event of an email failure could be to save the forms locally to a file or database before transmitting the data via email. This would mean that even if the email were to fail, a copy of the data would still exist.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 542 in PDF)

Explanation: Terminal Emulator software assists technicians with console-based access to network devices via a serial cable, a Telnet session, or an SSH session, which is useful for devices that only need to communicate through Command-Line Interface (CLI).

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 582 in PDF)

Explanation: In this context, a ’consideration’ refers to a possible undesirable outcome from the primary plan of action. Importantly, these considerations in terms of wireless technology can include subjective factors such as antenna placement or the type of antenna to be used.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 607 in PDF)

Explanation: With Linux/Unix operating systems, you typically use the traceroute command to diagnose a missing route. This command shows the path that packets take to reach a destination.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 634 in PDF)

Explanation: STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) cable is specifically designed to shield Ethernet networks from electromagnetic interference (EMI), making it an ideal choice for installations in areas where EMI is present, such as near heavy industrial equipment. This is due its shielding, which can be foil around all four pairs of wires, foil shielded around each pair of wires with an overall foil shielding, or shielded with a wire mesh.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 544 in PDF)

Explanation: Fiber-optical transceivers require the match in wavelength on the transmit side and the receive side to ensure that the link turns up. Otherwise, the connection might not be established.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 551 in PDF)

Explanation: If the requested page is cached in the user’s browser, the browser won’t ask for the page and, so, won’t get redirected to the captive portal. This can create confusion as the user might believe they already have full network access.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 615 in PDF)

Explanation: The very first step to track down a rogue DHCP server is to identify its IP address. This can be accomplished by using the ipconfig utility on an affected client.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 628 in PDF)

Explanation: The port scanner scans the remote server to identify open ports in order to ensure that they are serving information and are not being blocked by a firewall. It can also verify which ports are closed to reduce the risk of unauthorized access, thus ensuring that firewalls aren’t misconfigured.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 580 in PDF)

Explanation: In the context of network cabling, an open connection refers to an open circuit where the circuit is not completed or connected. This could be due to a loose wire on a patch panel or a break in a wire.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 550 in PDF)

Explanation: The first step when troubleshooting a network connectivity problem related to routing tables is to check the local routing table of the host to ensure packets are being routed to the default gateway. This is done before checking the routing table at each hop along the way.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 618 in PDF)

Explanation: The ’show interface’ command provides a plethora of diagnostic information about an interface. This includes the interface’s status (i.e. if it is connected or not), the duplex and speed that the interface has negotiated with the connected equipment, the transmission load on the interface, and other counters such as packet input/output, errors, collisions, broadcast, and multicast traffic.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 599 in PDF)

Explanation: In Cisco devices, the command ’show running-config’ displays the configuration that is currently in memory and being used by the router or switch.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 600 in PDF)

Explanation: When dealing with user-provided information, it’s important to evaluate if any additional observations they provide might indeed be contributing to their perception of the problem – even if it’s not directly the same issue – rather than ignoring it or dismissing it immediately. For example, a user’s report of a mouse issue could be contributing to the perception that an application is freezing up. This approach helps in better understanding the problem and finding an appropriate solution.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 537 in PDF)

Explanation: The multimeter is primarily used for testing power sources, both AC and DC. In the case of high-voltage power testing, the AC mode is used. The multimeter is set to a specific range to accommodate the voltage being tested. It can also be used for testing DC power supply from a range typically under 27 volts.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 561 in PDF)

Explanation: The placement of the antenna within an organization is crucial for security purposes and ensuring adequate coverage across the office. Proper placement can help limit the signal that radiates outside of the organization’s office space, preventing attackers from accessing the network.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 607 in PDF)

Explanation: Riser-rated cable is made with a Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) plastic–jacketed sheathing, which emits toxic black smoke and hydrochloric acid when it catches fire.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 545 in PDF)

Explanation: The text emphasizes the importance of understanding the potential effects of problem solutions to prevent the scenario where solving an issue leads to the creation of new ones. This is crucial in network troubleshooting to maintain a smooth and functioning system.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 541 in PDF)

Explanation: Public bandwidth speed testers like speedtest.net report the speed at which the server can communicate to you, which may not be the total speed of your connection.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 579 in PDF)

Explanation: The suggested troubleshooting steps for this problem are to first verify the passphrase the SSID is expecting, meaning to check if you have the correct passphrase. Secondly, ensuring the keyboard is registering the characters correctly as passphrases are case-sensitive and not typing it correct could be the cause of the error.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 614 in PDF)

Explanation: Higher-frequency signals attenuate quicker than lower frequencies. As a result, the 2.4 GHz signals can travel farther than those at 5 GHz because they attenuate more slowly.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 613 in PDF)

Explanation: The NetFlow Analyzer helps to identify high traffic applications and users, by visualizing the flow of traffic through the network. This allows the administrator to pinpoint bandwidth hogs and restore normal consumption of bandwidth though the network.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 581 in PDF)

Explanation: The wire map test helps in determining which end of the cable is actually bad and which wires are crossed, shorted, or open.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 568 in PDF)

Explanation: When an optical cable is dirty, it requires more power to compensate for the low signal strength at the opposite end. Using more power results in more heat, which can ultimately lead to failure.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 554 in PDF)

Explanation: To create a crossover cable, one end of the cable should be crimped according to the EIA/TIA 568A wiring specification, while the other end should follow the EIA/TIA 568B wiring specification. This allows the transmit pairs to be crossed over to the receive pairs on the other side of the cable and vice versa, which is necessary when connecting similar devices directly to each other, such as a switch to a switch, or a router to a router.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 546 in PDF)

Explanation: The primary importance of identifying the problem correctly is to be able to focus on the correct issue and not waste time focusing on a wrong problem or researching wrong criteria. Although the other options are related to the problem-solving process, they are not directly related to the identification of the problem itself.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 537 in PDF)

Explanation: A cable stripper is used to strip the insulation or sheath from a wire in order to access the conductor beneath, typically made of copper. It is specifically used in networking to expose the pairs of wires so that the network cable can be connected or terminated to a patch panel or RJ-45 connector.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 573 in PDF)

Explanation: The best practice to avoid TX/RX reversal in fiber-optic connections is to cross the connection at a dedicated patch panel such as your main data frame (MDF) and then instruct the installer at the intermediate data frame (IDF) to connect the cabling as straight-through to the equipment. If the transmit fiber-optic cable and the receive fiber-optic cable are reversed, the connection will not turn up.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 552 in PDF)

Explanation: Low bandwidth, high latency, and client disconnects are associated with high utilization in wireless systems. This is because the overutilization of channels can affect the network’s efficiency, leading to lower speeds, delayed response times, and disconnection of client networks.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 608 in PDF)

Explanation: The ’ifconfig’ command on a Linux/Unix system allows you to view the current IP address, configure an IP address and subnet mask on any available interface, among other administrative tasks. However, the changes made with ’ifconfig’ are not permanent unless they are configured in the correct configuration file for the operating system’s distribution.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 587 in PDF)

Explanation: Multicast works like a radio station in that you only hear it once you’ve tuned into the frequency. When a client joins a multicast group via the IGMP, the switch notes the client and the port. Whenever there is any multicast packet meant for that group, it is only only forwarded to the port that has joined the group. All other ports do not see any traffic from the multicast session.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 624 in PDF)

Explanation: Asymmetrical routing can lead to numerous failure points. For instance, if either path A or path B goes down, routing stops and that negates why you have redundant routes in the first place.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 625 in PDF)

Explanation: If the application has been unchanged, most problems will be isolated to the Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical layers. These layers are primarily concerned with the transmission and routing of data across the network.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 540 in PDF)

Explanation: The choice and installation of the antenna is crucial for a wireless network as the access point serves two important tasks- transmission and reception of signals. The antenna’s condition directly impacts the effectiveness of these tasks, affecting overall network performance.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 607 in PDF)

Explanation: When the host is on the wrong VLAN, it could lead to network connectivity issues, especially if access control lists (ACLs) or firewall rules are applied to the network segment where the host resides. This is because the host may not be authorized to access certain network resources under the rules of the new VLAN, hence causing connectivity problems.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 618 in PDF)

Explanation: The ’dig’ tool is used to query DNS nameservers for information about host addresses, mail exchanges, nameservers, and related information and can be used to verify DNS resolution when diagnosing name resolution problems.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 640 in PDF)

Explanation: A spectrum analyzer allows us to view the radio frequency (RF) spectrum and identify noise and interference, which is highly crucial in troubleshooting issues related to wireless signaling.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 570 in PDF)

Explanation: The maximum distance in wireless networks can be affected by various factors such as the protocol used, frequency, power level, antenna gain, and antenna type. Therefore, option A is correct.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 605 in PDF)

Explanation: The signal loss in an antenna cable can be attributed to various factors such as the type of RF cable used, how secure and properly crimped all connections are, and how much the cable is bent. All these factors can contribute to the attenuation of the signal in the cable.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 613 in PDF)

Explanation: The arp tool allows the administrator to observe, delete, and change the ARP table in memory which consist of the mapping for IP addresses to MAC addresses.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 592 in PDF)

Explanation: After a theory of probable cause is formulated in network troubleshooting, the next logical step is to test this theory methodically to confirm if it’s indeed the cause of the problem. This testing phase helps validate the theory and determine the next steps for resolving the issue.

Ref: CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10-008 5th Edition

(Page 540 in PDF)