Free CompTIA Security+ Practice Chapter 1

Ref: CompTIA Security Plus Get Certified Get Ahead SY0-701 Study Guide

CompTIA Security+ (SY0-701) – Chapter 1

1 / 195

What does the ’netstat -p tcp’ command do?

A. Shows all TCP/IP protocols on a system

B. Displays the routing table

C. Displays statistics on a specific protocol, such as TCP

D. Indicates an active open connection

2 / 195

Which of the following is NOT an example of a preventative control type?

A. Hardening

B. Training

C. Security guards

D. Encryption

3 / 195

What does the ’ipconfig /displaydns’ command do in a Windows system?

A. It enables promiscuous mode on the NIC

B. It shows the configuration of the first Ethernet interface

C. It erases the contents of the DNS cache

D. It shows the contents of the DNS cache and any hostname to IP address mappings included in the hosts file

4 / 195

Which media protection control best ensures the security of data on physical media like USB flash drives or backup tapes?

A. Regular malware scans on devices

B. Ensuring devices are heated or cooled properly

C. Installing camera surveillance in data storage rooms

D. Locking devices safely in a secure location

5 / 195

What type of information does the ’var/log/syslog’ file contain on a Linux system?

A. Only failed login attempts

B. Information related to successful and unsuccessful logins

C. All system activity, including startup activity

D. Information logged by the system kernel

6 / 195

What does the ’bytes’ denote in the Common Log format standardized by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)?

A. The number of users who requested the page

B. The duration of the client’s request

C. The byte length of the reply

D. The HTTP status code returned

7 / 195

What is the purpose of operational controls in organization’s overall security plan?

A. To use systems for day-to-day operations

B. To reduce risks by training users to understand threats

C. To document in security policies like managerial controls

D. Both A and B

8 / 195

What is the purpose of using encryption as a technical control?

A. To monitor network for intrusions

B. To restrict network traffic going in and out of a network

C. To grant only the necessary privileges to individuals

D. To protect the confidentiality of data both transferred over a network and stored on devices

9 / 195

What does the command sudo ifconfig eth0 do on Linux systems?

A. Erases the contents of the DNS cache

B. Shows the configuration of the first Ethernet interface (NIC)

C. Enables promiscuous mode on the NIC

D. Shows a comprehensive listing of TCP/IP configuration information for each NIC

10 / 195

What does the ESTABLISHED state in the netstat command output indicate?

A. The system is waiting for a connection request.

B. The system is waiting for a connection termination request.

C. This is the normal state for the data transfer phase of a connection.

D. This indicates the system sent a TCP SYNACK packet after receiving a SYN packet.

11 / 195

What is a major function of a ’Log collector’ as it pertains to a Security Information and Event Management (SIEM)?

A. Log collectors gather and store all email communications across a network.

B. Log collectors are primarily concerned with displaying trends in data for user analysis.

C. Log collectors gather log data from devices within the network and store them in a searchable database.

D. Log collectors analyze user behavior to detect unwanted behavior.

12 / 195

Which log of the operating system records events related to the functioning of the operating system such as when it starts, when it shuts down, and information on services starting and stopping?

A. Security log

B. System log

C. Application log

D. Audit log

13 / 195

What does the SYN_SENT state indicate when using the netstat command?

A. The system sent a TCP SYN packet and is waiting for the SYN-ACK response

B. The system is waiting for a connection termination request

C. The system is waiting for enough time to pass to be sure the remote system received a TCP-based acknowledgment of the connection

D. The system sent a TCP SYNACK packet after receiving a SYN packet and is waiting for the ACK response

14 / 195

What are the key elements of access controls?

A. Encryption, Decryption, and Authorization

B. Identification, Encryption, and Decryption

C. Identification, Authentication, and Authorization

D. Encryption, Authentication, and Authorization

15 / 195

According to the ’Place Order’ use case, who are classified as the ’actors’?

A. Lisa only

B. Billing and Shipping departments

C. Lisa, Billing system, and Fulfillment system

D. The software developers

16 / 195

What is the purpose of the command ’sudo cat /var/log/auth.log | grep ’authentication failure’’ in a Linux system?

A. It deletes all authentication failure log entries.

B. It searches for and displays all entries related to authentication failures in the auth.log file.

C. It modifies the entries related to authentication failures in the auth.log file.

D. It encrypts all authentication failure log entries

17 / 195

What is a compensating control as described in the context of network security?

A. A weaker security measure used when the primary control is unavailable

B. The use of smart cards for employee authentication

C. The use of TOTP for employee authentication

D. An alternative security measure used when a primary control cannot be implemented immediately

18 / 195

Why is time synchronization important in a SIEM system?

A. It ensures all alerts are sent instantly

B. It ensures all servers sending data to SIEM are synchronized with the same time

C. It automatically adjusts to daylight saving times

D. It allows SIEMs to function in different time zones

19 / 195

What is a discriminating feature about the NXLog Community Edition compared to other log management tools?

A. It can be installed only on Linux systems

B. It can only integrate with limited SIEM systems

C. It supports log formats for Windows, such as event log entries

D. It lacks features compared to SIEM solutions

20 / 195

What is risk in the context of IT security?

A. Risk is a weakness in the hardware, software, or users.

B. Risk is the possibility of a threat exploiting a vulnerability resulting in a loss.

C. Risk is the prevention of threats.

D. Risk is a security incident.

21 / 195

Which of the following techniques can be used to ensure data confidentiality?

A. Encryption

B. Disabling firewall

C. Sharing login credentials

D. Disabling antivirus software

22 / 195

What would be the effect of the ’chmod o-x filename’ command on a Linux system?

A. It gives execute permission to everyone else for the specified file.

B. It removes read permission from all others for the specified file.

C. It provides write permission to the other users for the specified file.

D. It removes execute permission from all others for the specified file.

23 / 195

In the context of network logs, what does the ’status’ refer to?

A. The date and time of the request

B. The actual request line sent by the client

C. The HTTP status code returned to the client

D. The byte length of the reply

24 / 195

What information does the auth.log contain in a Linux system?

A. Entries created when the system boots

B. Information on failed login attempts

C. Information related to successful and unsuccessful logins

D. Log entries from other systems

25 / 195

What does the ’LISTEN’ state in the netstat command indicate?

A. The system is waiting for a connection request.

B. The system is waiting for a connection termination request.

C. The system is waiting for enough time to pass to be sure the remote system received a TCP-based acknowledgment of the connection.

D. The system is part of a SYN attack.

26 / 195

What is the result of running the command ’sudo cat /var/log/auth.log’ in a Linux system?

A. The command will merge multiple files into one

B. The command will create a copy of the auth.log file

C. The command will display a single page of the auth.log file

D. The command will display the entire contents of the auth.log file

27 / 195

What is the function of video surveillance as a detective control in a security setting?

A. It prevents any potential security incidents by deterring criminal activity

B. It detects when vulnerabilities have been exploited after an incident has occurred

C. It automatically detects potential incidents and reports them immediately

D. It alerts IT personnel of a potential attack by detecting malicious traffic

28 / 195

What does the pathping command do?

A. It sends simple packets to a specified target with an optional delay between each.

B. It displays the IP address associated with a specific hostname.

C. It identifies all the hops on the path between two systems and computes statistics based on the number of ping responses from each.

D. It displays the network communication traffic statistics between your computer and a specified target.

29 / 195

What does the /var/log/faillog Linux log file contain information about?

A. Successful login attempts

B. Failed login attempts

C. System startup activity

D. Apache web server access logs

30 / 195

What does the ’user-identifier’ field in the Common Log Format represent?

A. The IP address or hostname of the client requesting the page

B. The name of the user requesting the page

C. The logon name of the user requested in the page

D. The HTTP status code returned to the client

31 / 195

Which of the following is a function that firewalls perform as a technical control?

A. Monitor and report on network traffic

B. Restrict network traffic going in and out of a network

C. Protect the confidentiality of data

D. Grant individuals or processes only the privileges they need

32 / 195

What is the purpose of an ’Account disablement policy’?

A. To ensure that administrators submit changes to a management process

B. To make sure that changes do not result in unintended outages

C. To guarantee that user accounts are disabled when an employee leaves the organization

D. To block malicious traffic before it reaches a network

33 / 195

What does the ’CLOSE_WAIT’ state indicate when using the netstat command?

A. The system is waiting for a SYN_ACK response after sending a SYN packet.

B. The system is waiting for enough time to pass to be sure the remote system received a TCP-based acknowledgment of the connection.

C. The system is waiting for a connection termination request.

D. The system is waiting for a connection request.

34 / 195

What is the function of the ’logger’ command in the CompTIA Security+ context?

A. It allows users to delete any entry within the /var/log/syslog file

B. It enables users to create entries in the /var/log/syslog file from the terminal or scripts and applications

C. It allows users to edit an application

D. It is used exclusively to perform backup operations

35 / 195

What is the primary function of the ’head’ command in the context of log files?

A. It shows the last 10 lines of a file

B. It shows the first 10 lines of a file

C. It copies the log file to a new file

D. It erases all the entries in the log file

36 / 195

What are the key elements of access controls that help ensure the confidentiality of data?

A. Identification, Encryption, Authorization

B. Authentication, Authorization, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)

C. Identification, Authentication, Authorization

D. Encryption, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Access Controls

37 / 195

What does a protocol analyzer do in a SIEM system?

A. It compresses duplicate log entries.

B. It coordinates the automatic response actions.

C. It captures network traffic and allows for analyzing individual packets.

D. It adjusts the sensitivity levels for alerts.

38 / 195

What role do security guards play as a type of preventative control?

A. They patch systems and applications

B. They eliminate the use of unnecessary ports and services

C. They stop unauthorized access into secure areas by verifying user identities

D. They handle the change management process

39 / 195

What are the key features of NXLog Enterprise Edition as compared to the Community Edition?

A. It includes all the features of the Community Edition and adds real-time event correlation and remote administration.

B. It does not support log formats for Windows.

C. It cannot be installed on both Windows and Linux-like systems.

D. It does not function as a log collector

40 / 195

What does the ’Netstat -s’ command do?

A. Displays a listing of all open TCP connections.

B. Displays a listing of all TCP and UDP ports that a system is listening on.

C. Displays statistics of packets sent or received for specific protocols, such as IP, ICMP, TCP, and UDP.

D. Shows statistics on a specific protocol, such as TCP or UDP.

41 / 195

What is the primary goal of corrective and recovery controls?

A. To define steps to take in response to security incidents

B. To ensure data can be recovered if it is lost or corrupted

C. To recover a system after a failure

D. All of the above

42 / 195

What does the /var/log/messages log contain in a Linux environment?

A. Information related to successful and unsuccessful logins

B. Entries created when the system boots

C. Information logged by the system kernel

D. A wide variety of general system messages, including some messages logged during startup, some messages related to mail, the kernel, and messages related to authentication

43 / 195

What does a security incident refer to in IT security?

A. It refers to the situation when a threat is identified but has not exploited a vulnerability.

B. It refers to implementing security controls to reduce risks.

C. It refers to the situation when a threat exploits a vulnerability, resulting in a loss.

D. It refers to the process of risk mitigation.

44 / 195

What are the two types of common managerial controls in an organization’s written security policy, according to the given text?

A. Risk assessments and Vulnerability assessments

B. Risk assessments and Penetration tests

C. Vulnerability assessments and Security audits

D. Risk assessments and Security audits

45 / 195

What is the purpose of User Behavior Analysis in a SIEM system?

A. To verify compliance with laws and regulations

B. To collect and analyze event log data from various systems

C. To focus on what users are doing and look for abnormal patterns of activity that may indicate malicious intent

D. To collect log data from devices throughout the network and store these logs in a searchable database

46 / 195

What starts the use case in the scenario of Lisa purchasing an item online?

A. The precondition

B. The trigger

C. The postcondition

D. The normal flow

47 / 195

Which of the following best describes automated triggers in the context of a SIEM system?

A. They are components that analyze event log data.

B. They are copies of alerts sent out when a predefined event fires.

C. They are actions in response to a predefined number of repeated events.

D. They are tools used to measure the sensitivity of event triggers.

48 / 195

What do log entries in a system help administrators and security investigators determine?

A. The time a software was installed

B. The location, time, and event that led to a security incident

C. The internet browsing history of users

D. The inventory of software installed

49 / 195

What is the purpose of the ’journalctl –list-boots’ command in Linux system?

A. It redirects the output to a text file

B. It displays all journal entries

C. It displays logs from the last hour

D. It shows the available boot logs

50 / 195

What is the role of Authentication in maintaining confidentiality as per the given text?

A. It helps in encrypting the data

B. It verifies the identity of the user as legitimate or not

C. It helps in restricting the access

D. It aids in creating a unique username for a user

51 / 195

What information does the ’Netstat –r’ command on a system provide?

A. Display of all open TCP connections

B. List of all TCP and UDP ports a system is listening to

C. Display of the routing table

D. Statistics of packets sent or received for specific protocols

52 / 195

Which of the following is a NOT a common feature of a SIEM system?

A. Log aggregation.

B. User behavior analysis.

C. Synthesizing new malware for system testing.

D. Automated triggers.

53 / 195

What is the primary purpose of using physical locks as a part of security controls?

A. To physically damage the equipment

B. To attract potential threats

C. To deter potential attacks and unauthorized access

D. To make it easier for authorized personnel access

54 / 195

How can you limit the output of the journalctl command to only logs from the last hour?

A. journalctl -1 hour

B. journalctl — last ’1 hour ago’

C. journalctl — since ’1 hour ago’

D. journalctl — limit ’1 hour ago’

55 / 195

What does the TIME_WAIT state indicate in the netstat command?

A. The system is waiting for a connection termination request.

B. The system is waiting for a connection request.

C. The system has sent a TCP SYN packet and it is waiting for the SYN-ACK response.

D. The system is waiting for enough time to pass to be sure the remote system received a TCP-based acknowledgment of the connection.

56 / 195

What are some capabilities of the hping command?

A. It can only send pings using ICMP.

B. It is available on all operating systems.

C. It can send pings using TCP, UDP, and ICMP.

D. It can only be used to identify if a firewall is blocking ICMP traffic.

57 / 195

Which of the following commands enables promiscuous mode on the first Ethernet interface of a Linux-based system?

A. ipconfig /displaydns

B. ifconfig eth0 -promisc

C. ifconfig eth0

D. ifconfig eth0 promisc

58 / 195

What is the primary task of the ’Log Monitoring’ as part of the detective controls?

A. To automatically prevent potential incidents

B. To detect potential incidents and report after they’ve occurred

C. To initiate a security audit

D. To regulate traffic flow through the firewall

59 / 195

What is the role of ’Data Inputs’ in a Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) system?

A. To ensure all servers are synchronized with the same time

B. To collect log data from various sources such as routers, firewalls and servers

C. To convert all times to Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)

D. To detect patterns of potential security events and raises alerts

60 / 195

What does the command ’journalctl — since “1 hour ago”’ do in the context of the Linux system logging utility journald?

A. It redirects the output to a text file named ’1 hour ago.txt’

B. It queries journald directly and displays log entries from the last hour

C. It displays all the boot logs from the last hour

D. It limits the log entries displayed to only those from the last hour

61 / 195

What does the correlation engine in a SIEM system do?

A. Collects and analyzes event log data from various systems within the network.

B. Monitors and stores long-term data.

C. Provides real-time monitoring, analysis, and notification of security events.

D. Allows administrators to view and analyze individual packets.

62 / 195

What does the authuser field in a web server log typically record?

A. The date and time of the request.

B. The IP address of the client requesting the page.

C. The HTTP status code returned to the client.

D. The logon name of the user requested in the page, if the user logged on.

63 / 195

What is the unique functionality that Rsyslog provides as an improvement over Syslog-ng?

A. Ability to support TCP and TLS

B. Rich filtering capabilities

C. Content-based filtering

D. Ability to send log entries directly into database engines

64 / 195

Why might organizations choose not to encrypt all of their data despite the increase in security?

A. Encryption increases the data volume by about 40 percent, requiring more resources.

B. Executives of the organization usually do not understand the value of encryption.

C. Encryption makes data completely inaccessible.

D. Encryption process causes irreversible changes in data.

65 / 195

What principle ensures that systems are available when needed and often addresses single points of failure in network systems?

A. Redundancy and Fault Tolerance

B. Scalability and Elasticity

C. Resiliency

D. Patching

66 / 195

Which tool helps in detecting malicious traffic after it enters a network in the context of detective controls?

A. Security information and event management (SIEM) systems

B. Log monitoring

C. Video surveillance

D. Intrusion detection system (IDS)

67 / 195

What is the primary function of managerial controls in a security structure?

A. They seek to deter individuals from causing an incident.

B. They are primarily administrative and documented in an organization’s security policy.

C. They help ensure day-to-day operations comply with security policy.

D. They use technology to reduce vulnerabilities.

68 / 195

What is the primary purpose of a cable lock as a deterrent control?

A. To physically destroy the laptop

B. To digitally encrypt laptop data

C. To prevent unauthorized users from logging in

D. To deter potential thieves by securing the laptop to furniture

69 / 195

What method is used to provide assurance that data has not changed and thus providing integrity?

A. Data encryption

B. Hashing techniques

C. File compression

D. Locking data

70 / 195

Which of the following best describes Detective controls, in terms of security controls?

A. Controls that attempt to discourage individuals from causing an incident.

B. Controls that attempt to reverse the impact of an incident.

C. Controls that attempt to detect incidents after they have occurred.

D. Controls used when a primary control is not feasible.

71 / 195

Which statement best describes the meaning of the ’ping -c 4 192.168.1.1’ command?

A. It sends four ICMP echo request packets to the IP address 192.168.1.1.

B. It initiates a continuous ping to the IP address 192.168.1.1.

C. It resolves the hostname for the IP address 192.168.1.1.

D. It indicates a connectivity test with four different IP addresses including 192.168.1.1.

72 / 195

What is the function of a correlation engine in a SIEM system?

A. It collects logs from devices and send them to the SIEM system

B. It raises alerts when a certain number of repeated events, defined by a trigger, are detected

C. It collects and analyzes event log data from various systems within the network, looking for common attributes and detecting patterns of potential security events

D. It converts all times to Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)

73 / 195

What is a key benefit of using a centralized security information and event management (SIEM) system in a large organization?

A. It allows for isolated processing of each server’s data

B. It collects data from various sources and stores them in a searchable database

C. It requires less computational power than traditional security solutions

D. It can replace the need for network intrusion detection and prevention systems

74 / 195

What is the primary function of the Security log in a Windows system?

A. To record events related to the functioning of the operating system

B. To record events sent to it by applications or programs running on the system

C. To function as a security log, audit log, and access log, recording auditable events such as successes or failures

D. To record when the system starts, shuts down, or any other system component event deemed important by the system developers

75 / 195

Which of the following statements best describes a ’precondition condition’ within the context of use cases?

A. It is the element responsible for initiating the execution of the use case.

B. It is essentially the final result or state after the use case has been executed.

C. It is an essential state of affairs that must be met before the execution of use case can begin.

D. It focuses on varying sequences of actions within the use case that may not follow the standard procedure.

76 / 195

What are the features of Syslog-ng as an extension of syslogd on Linux-like systems?

A. It has the ability to send log entries directly into database engines.

B. It provides correlation and routing abilities to route log entries to any log analysis tool.

C. It shares the same set of features as syslogd.

D. It does not support TCP and TLS.

77 / 195

Which of the following methods is used to ensure confidentiality by scrambling data, thereby making it unreadable to unauthorized personnel?

A. Access Controls

B. Identification

C. Authentication

D. Encryption

78 / 195

What are some examples of preventative controls?

A. Hardening, training, security guards, change management, account disablement policy, Intrusion prevention system (IPS)

B. Firewalls, antivirus software, encryption, intrusion detection system

C. Security audits, incident response planning, back-up and recovery plan

D. Data encryption, user authentication, network segmentation, continuos monitoring

79 / 195

What are the two common managerial controls mentioned in the text?

A. Risk assessments and Vulnerability assessments

B. Quantitative risk assessments and Qualitative risk assessments

C. Penetration tests and Vulnerability assessments

D. Probability risk assessments and Impact risk assessments

80 / 195

What does log aggregation in a Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) system refer to?

A. It refers to the removal of duplicate entries.

B. It refers to the collection of log data from different devices.

C. It refers to the combination of dissimilar items into a similar format.

D. It refers to long-term storage of data.

81 / 195

What information does the ’Netstat -a’ command display on a system?

A. Displays all open TCP connections

B. Displays a listing of all TCP and UDP ports that a system is listening on, in addition to all open connections

C. Displays the routing table

D. Displays statistics of packets sent or received for specific protocols

82 / 195

What does the /var/log/kern.log file do in Linux?

A. Logs all system activity

B. Contains information on failed login attempts

C. Logs information by the system kernel

D. Stores access and error logs of an Apache web server

83 / 195

A network log entry in the Common Log format standardized by the W3C typically contains which of the following details?

A. DIN number of the client

B. The client’s TV streaming data

C. The phone number of the client

D. The IP address or hostname of the client requesting the page

84 / 195

Which of the following is NOT included in operational controls?

A. Awareness and training

B. Configuration management

C. Media protection

D. Software development

85 / 195

What does the Linux ’chmod g=r filename’ command do?

A. Removes read permissions from the file for everyone

B. Gives read permissions to the owner of the file

C. Gives read permissions to the owner group of the file

D. Removes read permissions from the group of the file

86 / 195

What does the ’ping 192.168.1.1’ command do?

A. It verifies if your machine can connect with the computer at the IP address 192.168.1.1

B. It blocks the computer with the IP address 192.168.1.1 from accessing the internet

C. It changes your computer’s IP address to 192.168.1.1

D. It encrypts data packets sent to the computer with the IP address 192.168.1.1

87 / 195

What is the purpose of the correlation engine in a Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) system?

A. To remove duplicate entries

B. To synchronize all servers sending data

C. To collect and analyze event log data from various systems

D. To automate the monitoring and reporting of events

88 / 195

What is the purpose of compensating controls in a security framework?

A. To prevent incidents from occurring

B. To reduce vulnerabilities with the use of technology

C. To discourage individuals from causing an incident

D. To act as alternative controls when a primary control is not feasible

89 / 195

Which is the correct description of the command ’ip link set eth0 up’ as per the text above?

A. It deletes the first Ethernet interface on a Linux system

B. It enables viewing the configuration of the first Ethernet interface on a Linux system

C. It enables multicast mode on the first Ethernet interface

D. It enables a network interface

90 / 195

What is the role of ’request’ in the data logged by a web server?

A. It contains the IP address or hostname of the client requesting the page.

B. It contains the logon name of the user requested in the page.

C. It contains the actual request line sent by the client.

D. It contains the HTTP status code returned to the client

91 / 195

What is stored in the var/log/messages file?

A. All system activity, including startup activity

B. Entries created when the system boots

C. A wide variety of general system messages

D. Information related to failed login attempts

92 / 195

What does sentiment analysis refer to within a SIEM system?

A. It refers to the sensitivity of triggers and alerts within the system.

B. It refers to the analysis of text to detect an opinion or emotion and uses UBA technologies to observe user behaviors to detect unwanted behavior.

C. It refers to the process of removing duplicate entries within the system.

D. It refers to the process of analyzing the data and identifying trends.

93 / 195

What is the CIA security triad in the context of organizational security principles?

A. Communication, Intrusion, and Accessibility

B. Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability

C. Control, Integrity, and Authentication

D. Confidentiality, Inspection, and Authentication

94 / 195

Which command is used to search for a specific text in a file?

A. cat

B. grep

C. sudo

D. auth.log

95 / 195

What is the definition of risk in the context of IT security?

A. The possibility of a successful attack on a system

B. The certainty of a threat exploiting a vulnerability

C. The possibility or likelihood of a threat exploiting a vulnerability resulting in a loss

D. The potential negative impact of a security incident on an organization

96 / 195

Which of the following best describes the purpose of preventative controls in IT security?

A. To detect and respond to security incidents

B. To correct security incidents after they occur

C. To prevent security incidents from occurring

D. To deter security incidents through the use of physical controls

97 / 195

How can a systems administrator use the ’ping’ command to assess organizational security?

A. By using it to send thousands of pings to overload a server and simulate a DDoS attack

B. By using it to check the connectivity of remote systems and verify name resolution

C. By using it to verify that firewalls, routers, and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPSs) block ICMP traffic when configured to do so

D. By using it check the availability of a website

98 / 195

Which of the following is strongly recommended if you do not have a Linux system, according to the information given in the text above?

A. Skim through Appendix A

B. Work with command-line tools daily

C. Check out the online labs

D. Skip the chapter entirely

99 / 195

Why might a ping command fail even if a system is operational and reachable?

A. The system does not support the ping command

B. The firewalls are blocking ICMP echo requests

C. The network cable is not plugged in correctly

D. The remote system is disconnected

100 / 195

What are the three types of permissions that can be modified with the chmod command on Linux system files and folders?

A. Read, Write, Delete

B. View, Modify, Delete

C. Modify, Execute, Grant

D. Read, Write, Execute

101 / 195

What does the ’tail’ command in Unix or Linux do by default?

A. It displays the first 10 lines of a log file.

B. It displays the last 10 lines of a log file.

C. It deletes the last 10 lines of a log file.

D. Nothing, the ’tail’ command doesn’t exist.

102 / 195

What does the ’journalctl -1’ command do in a Linux system?

A. Clears all logging records from the system

B. Displays all journal entries without any filter

C. Retrieves the boot log identified with number -1

D. Redirects the output to a text file named myjournal.txt

103 / 195

What does the ’ip -s link’ command do on Linux systems?

A. It enables a network interface

B. It shows statistics on the network interfaces

C. It displays all TCP/IP configuration information

D. It enables promiscuous mode on a NIC

104 / 195

Which log file in a Linux system contains entries generated during system boot-up?

A. var/log/syslog

B. var/log/messages

C. var/log/boot.log

D. var/log/auth.log

105 / 195

What is the primary function of the ’cat’ command in Linux?

A. It changes a file’s permissions

B. It displays the contents of files

C. It deletes files

D. It creates a new file

106 / 195

What type of information does the ’date’ field record in the Common Log format standardized by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)?

A. The name of the user requesting the page

B. The HTTP status code returned to the client

C. The byte length of the reply

D. The date and time of the request

107 / 195

What does the ’ifconfig eth0 allmulti’ command enable?

A. It enables the first Ethernet interface

B. It allows the NIC to process all traffic it receives

C. It enables multicast mode on the NIC

D. It shows the configuration of the first Ethernet interface

108 / 195

What does the pathping -n command do in network administration?

A. It prints only IP addresses instead of both hostnames and IP addresses.

B. It limits the number of hops to the specified number.

C. It disables packet loss statistics.

D. It enables the display of the physical path taken by packets.

109 / 195

Which of the following is NOT an example of a corrective or recovery control?

A. Backups and system recovery

B. Incident handling processes

C. System monitoring tools

D. Incident response policy

110 / 195

What does the ’Netstat -n’ command do?

A. Displays a listing of all open TCP connections.

B. Displays the routing table.

C. Displays addresses and port numbers in numerical order.

D. Displays statistics of packets sent or received for specific protocols.

111 / 195

What type of events does the Application log record in a Windows operating system?

A. Security-related events such as user login attempts

B. System component events such as drivers loading or failing

C. Events sent to it by applications or programs running on the system

D. Detailed records of attempts to delete files

112 / 195

What is the role of antivirus software as a technical control?

A. It restricts network traffic going in and out of a network.

B. It protects the confidentiality of data.

C. After it’s installed, it protects against malware infection.

D. It grants individuals or processes only the privileges they need to perform their assigned tasks or functions.

113 / 195

What does the acronym LAMP stand for in the context of web hosting?

A. Linux, Adobe, MySQL, PHP

B. Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP/Perl/Python

C. Linux, Apache, MongoDB, PHP

D. Linux, Amazon, MySQL, PHP

114 / 195

What is the purpose of network reconnaissance in the context of network security?

A. To locate all devices on a network

B. To gather detailed information about the network and its devices

C. To perform regular network maintenance tasks

D. To help users access the internet comfortably

115 / 195

What is the purpose of using the ping command to check name resolution based on the provided passage?

A. To prevent systems from reaching the Windows Update server

B. To change the name resolution process so that malware can be injected

C. To verify that the name resolution process from hostname to IP address is working correctly

D. To resolve the hostname to e-mail address

116 / 195

Which of the following best describes what Corrective controls do according to the CompTIA?

A. They prevent an incident from occurring

B. They detect incidents after they have occurred

C. They reverse the impact of an incident

D. They discourage individuals from causing an incident

117 / 195

What is the content of the NIST SP 800-53 Revision 5?

A. It discusses managerial, operational, and technical aspects of security control.

B. It focuses solely on technical security controls.

C. It provides detailed information on security controls, divided into 20 different families.

D. It contains an alphabetically arranged glossary of security terminologies.

118 / 195

What does the ’Alternate flow’ element in a use case describe?

A. The sequence of a typical successful execution of the use case.

B. The conditions that must be met before a use case can start.

C. The variations in the execution of use case when conditions change or when exceptions occur.

D. The individual or system that interacts with the use case to achieve a goal.

119 / 195

What is the primary use of the ’Netstat -n’ command?

A. Display a listing of all open TCP connections.

B. Display addresses and port numbers in numerical order.

C. Show statistics on a specific protocol, such as TCP or UDP.

D. Display the routing table.

120 / 195

Which of the following best describes the function of disk redundancies in the context of availability and fault tolerance?

A. Disk redundancies are intended to increase the storage capacity of a system.

B. Disk redundancies are primarily used to speed up data read/write operations.

C. Disk redundancies, such as RAID-1, RAID-5, and RAID-10, allow a system to continue to operate even if a disk fails.

D. Disk redundancies help manage data backups and restore processes.

121 / 195

What is the difference between scalability and elasticity in terms of system availability?

A. Scalability refers to manually adjusting resources to handle workload, while elasticity refers to automatic adjustment in response to workload changes.

B. Scalability means increasing the speed of the system, whereas elasticity means increasing its memory.

C. Scalability refers to handling increased workload by taking resources from other systems, while elasticity means upgrading the system to handle more workload.

D. Scalability is a measure of system performance, while elasticity is a measure of system security.

122 / 195

What are two common types of managerial controls described in the given text?

A. Access control and Disaster Recovery

B. Vulnerability assessments and Risk assessments

C. Application control and Auditing.

D. Fencing and Lighting control

123 / 195

What is the role of ’Deterrent controls’ in Organization’s security policy?

A. Deter individuals from causing an incident

B. Detect incidents after they have occurred

C. Prevent an incident from occurring

D. Reverse the impact of an incident

124 / 195

What is the purpose of the pipe operator (|) in the command ’sudo cat /var/log/auth.log | more’?

A. It allows you to run the command with root or elevated privileges

B. It sends the results of the first command to the second command

C. It displays the log of all authentication-related events

D. It merges multiple files into one

125 / 195

What does the ’Netstat -e’ command do?

A. It displays a listing of all open TCP connections

B. It displays details on network statistics, including how many bytes the system sent and received

C. It displays the routing table

D. It shows statistics on a specific protocol, such as TCP or UDP

126 / 195

What does the ’SYN_RECEIVED’ state in Netstat mean?

A. It indicates the system is waiting for enough time to pass to be sure the remote system received a TCP-based acknowledgment of the connection.

B. It indicates the system sent a TCP SYNACK packet after receiving a SYN packet, and it is now waiting for the ACK response to establish the connection.

C. It indicates the system sent a TCP SYN (synchronize) packet and is waiting for the SYN-ACK response.

D. It indicates the system is waiting for a connection termination request.

127 / 195

What types of intrusions can the intrusion detection systems (IDSs) and intrusion prevention systems (IPSs) monitor?

A. Both network and host intrusions

B. Only network intrusions

C. Only host intrusions

D. Neither host nor network intrusions

128 / 195

What is the function of the ’ipconfig /flushdns’ command?

A. It shows the configuration of the first Ethernet interface on a Windows system

B. It erases the contents of the DNS cache

C. It enables promiscuous mode on the first Ethernet interface

D. It shows the interfaces along with some details on them

129 / 195

What does ’WORM’ refer to in the context of a security information and event management (SIEM) system?

A. Write Once Read Many

B. Worm Open Read Mapping

C. Write and Operate Risk Management

D. Writing Operations, Reading and Monitoring

130 / 195

What does the ’ifconfig eth0 promisc’ command do on a Linux system?

A. It enables multicast mode on the first Ethernet interface.

B. It enables promiscuous mode on the first Ethernet interface.

C. It displays the configuration of the first Ethernet interface.

D. It disables the first Ethernet interface.

131 / 195

What does the ’arp -a’ command do in the context of a Windows operating system?

A. It helps to manipulate the ARP cache

B. It allows you to identify the MAC address of other systems

C. It shows help on Windows arp

D. It shows the ARP cache

132 / 195

What type of control can a lock be classified as, in addition to being a physical control?

A. Deterrent control

B. Detective control

C. Corrective control

D. Compensating control

133 / 195

What is event deduplication in the context of a Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) system?

A. Event deduplication refers to the repetition of events over a specific period of time.

B. It is the process of removing duplicate entries by ensuring that the SIEM stores only a single copy of any duplicate log entries and associates the entries with all sources.

C. Event deduplication is the preservation of all events in the logs to maintain a redundant record for security purposes.

D. It is the duplication of critical events as part of a backup strategy to prevent data loss.

134 / 195

What is the primary difference between scalability and elasticity in terms of system availability?

A. Scalability refers to manually adding or removing resources, while elasticity is about dynamically managing resources.

B. Scalability only allows adding resources, while elasticity allows both adding and removing.

C. Elasticity cannot scale down resources, while scalability can scale up and down.

D. Elasticity is a concept related to cloud resources, while scalability is only applicable in non-cloud environments.

135 / 195

Which is NOT a correct definition of a particular control type according to CompTIA?

A. Preventative controls attempt to prevent an incident from occurring.

B. Corrective controls attempt to discourage individuals from causing an incident.

C. Compensating controls are alternative controls used when a primary control is not feasible.

D. Physical controls refer to controls you can physically touch.

136 / 195

What is the function of the ’ip link show’ command?

A. It enables a network interface

B. It shows the interfaces along with some details on them

C. It shows statistics on the network interfaces

D. It enables promiscuous mode on a NIC

137 / 195

Which command provides a comprehensive listing of TCP/IP configuration for each NIC, including MAC address, address of assigned DNS servers and address of a DHCP server?

A. ifconfig eth0

B. ipconfig /displaydns

C. ipconfig /all and ifconfig -a

D. ip -s link

138 / 195

What is the function of the ’-c’ switch when used with the ping command on a Linux system?

A. It records the round trip time for packets to reach the host and for acknowledgements to return.

B. It specifies a count of how many times the ping command should send ICMP Echo requests.

C. It ensures that failed request messages are displayed.

D. It forces the ping command to use IPv4.

139 / 195

Which of the following statements is true about the sensitivity levels in a SIEM system?

A. Setting the sensitivity levels too high will result in a higher number of false negatives

B. If failed login attempts do not raise an alert, it is a false positive

C. The sensitivity level for failed logins cannot be changed

D. Setting the sensitivity levels correctly helps limit false positives and avoid false negatives

140 / 195

In the context of a use case, what does the term ’Normal flow’ refer to?

A. The trigger that starts the use process.

B. The order of steps in a use case.

C. The postconditions that occur after the process is triggered.

D. The process of Lisa changing her mind and abandoning the process.

141 / 195

What are response controls in the context of security?

A. Controls design to prevent security incidents

B. Controls designed to prepare for and respond to security incidents

C. Controls designed to evaluate the effects of security incidents

D. Controls designed to report security incidents to authorities

142 / 195

What is the main purpose of a tracert, or traceroute, command?

A. It is used to identify the host IP address of a server

B. It is used to determine the number of hops it takes to reach a destination

C. It is a security measure to establish a secure connection between two systems

D. It is used to delete faulty routers from a network

143 / 195

What does the ’Netstat -p protocol’ command do?

A. It displays statistics for all TCP/IP protocols

B. It displays the routing table

C. It shows statistics on a specific protocol, such as TCP or UDP

D. It displays a listing of all open TCP connections

144 / 195

What is one key feature of NXLog Enterprise Edition that is not included in the Community Edition?

A. It can be installed on both Windows and Linux-like systems

B. It supports log formats for Windows, such as event log entries

C. It provides real-time event correlation and remote administration

D. It functions as a log collector and can integrate with most SIEM systems

145 / 195

In a use case, what is meant by ’Postcondition’?

A. It is the goal that an organization wants to achieve

B. It is what must occur before the process can start

C. It is the action that occurs after the actor triggers the process

D. It is the trigger that starts the use case

146 / 195

What does the command ’sudo head /var/log/syslog’ do?

A. It shows the last 10 lines of the syslog file.

B. It shows the first 10 lines of the syslog file.

C. It erases the syslog file.

D. It moves the syslog file to syslog.1.

147 / 195

What is the purpose of motion detection as a detective control in terms of security?

A. To prevent security incidents from happening

B. To detect when vulnerabilities have been exploited after an event

C. To record activity before an event happens

D. To monitor and report incidents in real time

148 / 195

Which of the following is NOT an example of a detective control?

A. Log monitoring

B. Intrusion detection system

C. Password complexity policy

D. CCTV systems

149 / 195

What is the primary function of an Intrusion prevention system (IPS) in the context of preventative controls?

A. IPS disables user accounts when an employee leaves the organization

B. IPS verifies user identities and prevents unauthorized access into secure areas

C. IPS follows a change management process to ensure changes don’t result in unintended outages

D. IPS blocks malicious traffic before it reaches a network

150 / 195

Which of the following accurately describes a common capability of a SIEM system?

A. Creates a separate database for each type of log entry

B. Requires manual analysis of all log entries

C. Collects log data and stores it in a searchable database

D. Only accepts log entries from routers and firewalls

151 / 195

In the context of security controls, what purpose does change management serve?

A. It hardens the system by disabling unnecessary ports

B. It prevents security incidents by ensuring users are aware of the vulnerabilities

C. It ensures that changes don’t result in unintended outages

D. It disables user accounts when an employee leaves the organization

152 / 195

What does /var/log/httpd/ directory contain in Linux as pointed out by CompTIA Security+ exam?

A. Information about startup activities

B. Messages related to mail, kernel, and authentication

C. Failed login attempts

D. Access and error logs related to Apache web server

153 / 195

What does the command ’arp -a 192.168.1.1’ do?

A. It helps to resolve domain names into corresponding IP addresses

B. It displays the ARP cache entry for the specified IP address

C. It checks for potential ARP cache poisoning attacks

D. It helps to establish a new ARP cache entry

154 / 195

What type of information does the /var/log/auth.log file contain on a Linux system?

A. It stores all system activity, including startup activity.

B. It contains a wide variety of general system messages.

C. It includes entries created when the system boots.

D. It contains information related to successful and unsuccessful logins.

155 / 195

What is one of the methods utilized by organizations to keep their systems available?

A. Keeping the system offline when not in use

B. Not updating the system to avoid compatibility issues

C. Regularly updating the system with current patches

D. Avoiding redundancy to simplify the system

156 / 195

What does the ’-n 15’ switch specify when used with the ’sudo tail’ command in relation to the /var/log/messages file?

A. It specifies that the command should only be run by the root user.

B. It specifies that the command should display the first 15 lines of the file.

C. It specifies that the command should display the last 15 lines of the file.

D. It specifies that the command should delete the last 15 lines of the file.

157 / 195

What is the primary function of the ’ipconfig’ command on a Windows system?

A. It allows you to manipulate the settings of a network interface

B. It provides Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) configuration information for a system

C. It enables promiscuous mode on a network interface card (NIC)

D. It shows statistics on network interfaces

158 / 195

What does the command ’sudo cat /var/log/auth.log’ do in Linux?

A. Displays one page at a time of authentication-related events log

B. Displays the entire content of the auth.log file

C. Discards the authentication-related events log

D. Creates a new auth.log file

159 / 195

What is a major feature of the Rsyslog software utility that differentiates it from Syslog-ng as mentioned in the provided text?

A. It provides rich filtering capabilities

B. It has the ability to send log entries directly into database engines

C. It allows a system to collect logs from any source

D. It includes correlation and routing abilities

160 / 195

What does the command ’chmod 760 filename’ represent in Linux?

A. Read, write, and execute permissions for the owner, read and execute for the group, and none for all others

B. Read and write permissions for the owner, read and execute for the group, and none for all others

C. Read and write permissions for the owner, execute for the group, and none for all others

D. Read, write, and execute permissions for the owner, read and write for the group, and none for all others

161 / 195

What is the purpose of using the command ’sudo grep “authentication failure”/var/log/auth.log’?

A. To search for a specific text within a file

B. To delete any entries with ’authentication failure’

C. To copy the auth.log file

D. To shutdown a system

162 / 195

What are the key elements of access controls?

A. Encryption, Identification, Authentication

B. Identification, Authorization, Encryption

C. Identification, Authentication, Authorization

D. Authentication, Identification, Encryption

163 / 195

Which of the following is an example of deterrent control in terms of physical security?

A. Two-factor authentication

B. Firewall configuration

C. Cable locks on laptops

D. Cybersecurity awareness training

164 / 195

Which statement describes operational controls in the context of organizational security?

A. Operational controls are primarily administrative functions documented in security policies

B. Operational controls pertain mainly to system-executed measures

C. Operational controls include training to help users understand threats such as phishing and malware

D. Operational controls are covered in detail in Chapter 5 of the CompTIA Security+ SY0-701 study guide

165 / 195

Which Windows log type records auditable events, such as a user’s success or failure in performing actions like logging on or deleting a file, by default?

A. Security log

B. System log

C. Application log

D. Device Manager log

166 / 195

What is the main function of detective controls in an organization’s security control system?

A. They attempt to prevent an incident from occurring

B. They attempt to detect incidents after they have occurred

C. They attempt to reverse the impact of an incident

D. They discourage individuals from causing an incident

167 / 195

What is a common goal of fault tolerance and redundancy techniques in an information system?

A. To exterminate bugs from system software

B. To remove each single point of failure (SPOF)

C. To achieve 99.999 percent uptime

D. To improve system elasticity

168 / 195

What is a common goal of fault tolerance and redundancy techniques in server redundancies?

A. To increase bandwidth capacity

B. To remove each single point of failure (SPOF)

C. To decrease server boot-up time

D. To increase server processing capacity

169 / 195

What does the ’more’ command do when used in conjunction with the ’cat’ command in a Linux environment?

A. It deletes the page immediately after viewing

B. It allows you to view the contents of a file one page at a time

C. It merges multiple log files into one

D. It automatically scrolls the file to the start

170 / 195

Which of the following options accurately describes technical controls, as per the CompTIA Security+ objectives?

A. They are primarily administrative in function and documented in an organization’s security policy.

B. They are controls that can be physically touched.

C. They use technology such as hardware, software, and firmware to reduce vulnerabilities.

D. They rely on humans to ensure the day-to-day operations of an organization comply with the security policy.

171 / 195

What is a key function of Security information and event management (SIEM) systems as a detective control?

A. It deters potential attackers by making them aware of its presence

B. It prevents security incidents from occurring

C. It troubleshoots technical issues in other security systems

D. It detects trends and raises alerts in real time

172 / 195

What is the primary function of the ’ping -t 192.168.1.1’ command on a Windows system?

A. It sends a continuous stream of ICMP echo requests until stopped manually

B. It sends exactly four ICMP echo requests

C. It attempts to resolve the given IP address to a hostname

D. It counts the number of ICMP echo replies received

173 / 195

What does the command netstat -anp tcp show you?

A. Only UDP protocol statistics

B. All open UDP connections

C. Routing table

D. A listing of TCP ports that the system is listening on listed in numerical order

174 / 195

Which of the following best describes the combination of control categories and types based on the provided excerpt?

A. Control categories are mutually exclusive from control types.

B. Encryption is an example of a managerial control.

C. Control categories and types cannot be used to describe a control.

D. Encryption can be described as a preventative technical control.

175 / 195

What is the ’host’ in the context of Network logs and Common Log Format?

A. The router or firewall device the log is stored on

B. The server that houses the web page being requested

C. The IP address or hostname of the client requesting the page

D. The name of the user requesting the page

176 / 195

What is the role of a syslog collector?

A. It sends syslog log entries

B. It receives messages from external devices and applications on the same system

C. It provides encryption for log entries

D. It routes syslog messages to the /var/syslog file

177 / 195

Which of the following is NOT an example of a detective control?

A. Log monitoring

B. Firewall

C. Intrusion Detection System (IDS)

D. Security Information and Event Management systems (SIEMs)

178 / 195

What is used to query the Linux system logging utility (journald) and why?

A. journalctl, because journald stores log data in text.

B. journald, because journalctl stores log data in binary.

C. journalctl, because journald stores log data in binary.

D. journald, because journalctl stores log data in text.

179 / 195

What is the definition of risk in IT security context?

A. It is the possibility of a threat exploiting a vulnerability, resulting in loss.

B. It is the process of finding vulnerabilities in the software.

C. It is a type of threat that can compromise the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of a system.

D. It is a system error caused by employee mistakes.

180 / 195

Which of the following is NOT an example of a technical control?

A. Antivirus software

B. Firewalls

C. Motion detectors

D. Intrusion detection systems (IDSs)

181 / 195

What does the command ’ping gcgapremium.com’ do?

A. It tells the computer to send 4 packets of data to the IP address associated with gcgapremium.com.

B. It connects the computer directly to the gcgapremium.com website.

C. It changes the name resolution process to prevent the system from connecting to the Windows Update server.

D. It hides the IP address of gcgapremium.com.

182 / 195

Which of the following accurately describes a function provided by security information and event management (SIEM) systems?

A. SIEM systems do not allow for the customization of alerts.

B. SIEM systems combine log data from various devices and store it in a searchable database for easy analysis.

C. SIEM systems cannot analyze log entries for common attributes or detect potential security events.

D. SIEM systems cannot monitor user behavior or detect abnormal patterns of activity.

183 / 195

What is the function of sensors in a Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) system?

A. They protect the network from external threats.

B. They limit access to certain parts of the network.

C. They collect logs from devices and send these logs to the SIEM system.

D. They isolate infected systems and prevent them from compromising other network resources.

184 / 195

What is the primary function of backups and system recovery in corrective and recovery controls?

A. They enable system administrators to recover a system after a security breach

B. They help system administrators prevent security breaches

C. They help mitigate the risks after a security incident

D. They help system administrators to respond to security incidents

185 / 195

What is the purpose of redundancy in networking?

A. To reduce the cost of networking

B. To speed up network performance

C. To ensure high availability and fault tolerance

D. To slow down network so as to manage traffic

186 / 195

What is the correct naming strategy for a use case in systems analysis and software development?

A. Noun-verb format

B. Number-letter format

C. Verb-noun format

D. Alphabetical format

187 / 195

What is included in ’Physical and environmental protection’ as an operational control?

A. Importance of training to reduce risks

B. Use of baselines in configuration management

C. Protection of USB flash drives, external and internal drives

D. Physical controls like cameras and door locks and heating and ventilation systems

188 / 195

What does the term ’least privilege’ in the context of technical controls refer to?

A. It refers to the minimum level of access required to perform tasks or functions.

B. It pertains to the lowest level of encryption required to protect data.

C. It means the least amount of antivirus software needed for protection.

D. It is the minimum level of firewall protection needed.

189 / 195

Which of the following is NOT a control type listed by CompTIA in the Security+ objectives?

A. Preventative controls

B. Detective controls

C. Spatial controls

D. Deterrent controls

190 / 195

What does the ’ifconfig eth0’ command in a Linux-based system do?

A. It shows only the IP address of the first Ethernet interface.

B. It enables promiscuous mode for the first Ethernet interface.

C. It provides a comprehensive listing of TCP/IP configuration information for each NIC.

D. It shows the configuration of the first Ethernet interface (NIC).

191 / 195

What does the ’logger Backup started’ command do according to the text?

A. Starts the backup process

B. Creates a file called ’Backup started’

C. Adds a time-stamped entry of ’Backup started’ in the /var/log/syslog file

D. Deletes the backup data

192 / 195

Most SIEM systems include multiple built-in reports. What do these reports typically cover?

A. Network delay and track changes

B. Network traffic event monitoring and device events

C. Administrative procedures and audit logging

D. Backup logs and application processing

193 / 195

What is the function of ARP?

A. It resolves MAC addresses to IP addresses

B. It resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses

C. It resolves domain names to IP addresses

D. It resolves IP addresses to domain names

194 / 195

What does Hardening mean in the context of preventative controls?

A. It is the practice of making a system or application less secure to make it user-friendly

B. It is the practice of making a system or application more secure than its default configuration

C. It is the practice of using hardened steel for physical security measures

D. It is the process of training users to be resistant to social engineering attacks

195 / 195

What is the purpose of power redundancies in ensuring a system’s availability?

A. They automatically patch the system when a new update is available

B. They support scaling up the system’s capacity during high demand

C. They provide power to key systems even if commercial power fails

D. They automatically correct software bugs and errors

Your score is

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